Command: projection

Syntax

projection <name>, <code> {,<origin>}

or

projection <name> = <ident>

Description

Create or redefine a projection identifier.

Parameters

<name>
The name of the projection identifier.
<code>
A string value containing a mnemonic code of one of the available projections. The list of available projection mnemonics are given below.
<origin>
The origin of the projection. This should be a longitude/latitude point in degrees. If omitted, a default typically (0,0) is used.
<ident>
Copy the attributes of an existing projection identifier into the new projection identifier. All command switches are ignored.

Switches

-ang=<angle>
A local 2-D transformation angle. When this switch is present all points in the projection are assumed to be rotated counterclockwise through angle. The pivot point for the rotation is the local origin (-loc).
-dat=<point>
A datum shift to be applied when converting between longlat and the projection. The system always assumes that longlat coordinates are based on positions on the WGS84 ellipsoid, and the datum shifts adjusts for differences in ellipsoid for local regions.

When this switch is omitted, longlat coordinates from and to this projection are assumed to be on the ellipsoid specified for the projection. If the ellipsoid specified for this projection is WGS84, this switch is redundant. The datum coordinates are assumed to be in the current modeling units (or the -un value).

-ec=<num>
The earth eccentricity (pole radius / equatorial radius). If omitted, it is computed automatically from other ellipsoid parameters.
-eh=<num>
The earth height (minor radius) in meters at the poles. If omitted, a radius derived from other ellipsoid parameters is used.
-er=<num>
The earth radius (in meters) at the equator. If omitted, a radius derived from other ellipsoid parameters is used.
-g=<ellipsoid>
A string containing a mnemonic code supplying the ellipsoid (earth model). If omitted, a sphere of earth radius 6370997 is assumed. The list of available ellipsoid mnemonics is given below.
-lat=<nums>
Provides one or more additional latitudes (applicable for some projections, e.g. conics). The values should be in degrees.
-loc=<point>
A local 2-D transformation origin shift. When this switch is present all points in the projection are assumed to be relative to this point (in projection space. Local rotation and scaling (-and -sc) are computed relative to this point. The coordinates are assumed to be in the current modeling units (or the -un value), but will be adjusted automatically on a subsequent change of modeling units.
-rf=<num>
The reciprocal flattening of the earth. If omitted, any flattening defined by the ellipsoid is used. If included, this resets the eccentricity.
-s
For some projections, e.g. the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, this indicates a South Hemisphere origin shift.
-sc
A local 2-D transformation scale factor. When this switch is present all points in the projection are assumed to be scaled by this factor. The pivot point for the scaling is the local origin (-loc).
-un
The units for the -loc and -dat values. If this switch is omitted, the current modeling units are assumed.
-v=<num>
A version number (necessary for some projections).
-w=<num>
An auxiliary weighting factor (necessary for some projections).
-z=<num>
A Universal Transverse Mercator zone number. This should have a value 1 through 60.

Notes

All projections provide a means of converting from longitude/latitude to Cartesian space, but some do not have an inverse. These are marked as F (forward) and I (inverse) in the supplementary list of projection mnemonics.

Many (but not all) of the Oracle spatial projections are already known to the system and do not have to redefined. They can be referenced by using the appropriate srid number, e.g. srid81989.

Examples

projection amg55,'utm',-z=55,-s,-g='aust_ntl'

projection my55 = amg55

projection cassini,'cassini'

projection ukng,'tmercator',(-2,49),-loc=(-400000,100000),\ 
    -g='airy',-dat=(372,-111,426),-un='m',-w=0.999601

projection gauss_boaga_est,'tmercator',(9,0),-loc=(-2520000,0),\ 
    -g='ire09',-dat=(-87,-98,-121),-un='m',-w=0.9996

Projection Mnemonic Codes

Projection Code Description Conversion Switch Options

airy Airy F -v=1 (cut at hemisphere limit)
-v=2 (no cut at hemisphere limit)
-lat=<num> (default 90)

aitoff Aitoff F

albers Albers Equal Area FI -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

apian Apian Globular F

august August Epicycloidal F

bacon Bacon Globular F

bipolar Bipolar Conic FI

boggs Boggs Eumorphic F

bonne Bonne FI -lat=<num> (default 40)

cassini Cassini FI

collignon Collignon FI

centcyl Central Cylindrical FI

cyleqarea Cylindrical Equal Area FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

dense Denoyer Semi-Elliptical F

eckert Eckert FI -v=<num> (range 1 through 6, default is 1)

eisenlohr Eisenlohr F

eqd_azim Equidistant Azimuthal FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

eqd_conic Equidistant Conic FI -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

eqd_cyl Equidistant Cylindrical FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

fournier Fournier Globular F

gall Gall Stereographic FI

goode Goode Homosoline F

gnomonic Gnomonic FI

hammer Hammer Elliptical F -w=<num> (weighting factor, default 0.5)

hatano Hatano Asymmetrical Equal Area FI

isg Integrated Survey Grid FI -s (Southern Hemisphere, Australian System origin)
-z=<num> (Zone number)

lagrange Lagrange F -lat=<num> (default 0)
-w=<num> (weighting factor, default 2)

lazeqarea Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area FI

lcc Lambert Conformal Conic FI -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

leqarea Lambert Equal Area Conic FI -lat=<num> (default 0)
-s (Southern Hemisphere)

loxim Loximuthal FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

mcbryde McBryde-Thomas FI -v=1 (Flat-Polar Parabolic, the default)
-v=2 (Flat-Polar Sinusoidal)
-v=3 (Flat-Polar Quartic)

mercator Mercator FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

miller Miller Cylindrical FI

mollweide Mollweide FI

nicolosi Nicolosi Globular F

nzmg New Zealand Mapping Grid FI

ortelius Ortelius F

ortho Orthographic FI

parabolic Craster Parabolic FI

pconic Perspective Conic F -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

polyconic Polyconic (American) FI

putnins Putnins FI -v=2 (P2, the default)
-v=5 (P5)

quarth Quartic Authalic FI

rectpoly Rectangular Polyconic F -lat=<num> (default 0)

robinson Robinson FI

sinusoidal Sinusoidal FI

somercator Swiss Oblique Mercator FI

stereo Stereographic FI -lat=<num> (default 90)
-w=<num> (dk value, default 1)

tcc Transverse Central Cylindrical F

tcea Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area FI

tmercator Transverse Mercator FI -w=<num> (scale factor, default 1)

up_stereo Universal Polar Stereographic FI -s (Southern Hemisphere)

utm Universal Transverse Mercator FI -s (Southern Hemisphere, Australian Mapping Grid origin)
-z=<num> (Zone number)

van_der_grinten Van der Grinten FI
F
F
F -v=1 (projection I, the default)
-v=2 (projection II)
-v=2 (projection III)
-v=4 (projection IV)

wagner Wagner VII F

winkel Winkel I FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

winkel_tripel Winkel Tripel F -lat=<num> (default 0)

Ellipsoid Mnemonic Codes

Ellipsoid Code Description Equatorial
Radius (m) Polar
Radius (m) Reciprocal
Flattening
null Default spheroid 6370997

airy Airy 1830 6377563.396 299.3249646

ats77 ATS 1977 6378135 298.257

aust_ntl Australian Natl, IAU 64, South American 1969 6378160 298.25

bessel Bessel 1841 6377397.155 299.1528128

bessel_nam Bessel 1841 (Namibia) 6377483.865 299.1528128

clrk66 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.9786982

clrk80 Clarke 1880 mod. 6378249.145 293.465

everest Everest 6377276.3452 6356075.4133

everest_india_1830 Everest (India 1830) 6377276.345 300.8017

everest_india_1956 Everest (India 1956) 6377301.243 300.8017

everest_sabah Everest (Sabah Sarawak) 6377298.556 300.8017

everest_malay_1948 Everest (Malaya & Singapore 1948) 6377304.063 300.8017

everest_malay_1969 Everest (Malaysia 1969) 6377295.664 300.8017

everest_pakistan Everest (Pakistan) 6377309.613 300.8017

gda94 Geocentric Datum of Australia (1994) 6378137 298.2572221

grs67 GRS 67 (IUGG 1967) 6378160 247.247167

grs80 GRS 1980 (IUGG, 1980) 6378137 298.257222101

helmert Helmert 1906 6378200 298.3

hough Hough 1960 6378270 297

iau76 IAU 1976 6378140 298.257

indonesia_1974 Indonesian 1974 6378160 298.247

ire09 International 1909 (Hayford), International 1924 6378388 297

ire67 International 1967 6378160 297

krass Krassovsky 6378245 298.3

mercury Mercury 1960 6378166 6356784.283666

merit MERIT 1983 6378137 298.257

mod_airy Modified Airy 6377340.189 299.3249646

mod_ever Modified Everest 6377304.063 6356103.039

mod_fischer Modified Fischer 1960 6378155.063 298.3

mod_merc Modified Mercury 1968 6378150 6356768.337303

new_intl New International 1967 6378157.5 6356772.2

nwl_9d NWL 9D 6378145 298.25

seasia Southeast Asia 6378155 6356773.3205

walbeck Walbeck 6376896 6355834.8467

wgs66 WGS 66 6378145 6356759.769356

wgs72 WGS 72 6378135 298.26

wgs84 WGS 84 6378137 298.257223563

Commands:	project
Functions:	cart (point), longlat (point)
Identifiers:	ll_proj (projection), mapping (projection), srid# (projection)

Projection Code	Description	Conversion	Switch Options
airy	Airy	F	-v=1 (cut at hemisphere limit) -v=2 (no cut at hemisphere limit) -lat=<num> (default 90)
aitoff	Aitoff	F
albers	Albers Equal Area	FI	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
apian	Apian Globular	F
august	August Epicycloidal	F
bacon	Bacon Globular	F
bipolar	Bipolar Conic	FI
boggs	Boggs Eumorphic	F
bonne	Bonne	FI	-lat=<num> (default 40)
cassini	Cassini	FI
collignon	Collignon	FI
centcyl	Central Cylindrical	FI
cyleqarea	Cylindrical Equal Area	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
dense	Denoyer Semi-Elliptical	F
eckert	Eckert	FI	-v=<num> (range 1 through 6, default is 1)
eisenlohr	Eisenlohr	F
eqd_azim	Equidistant Azimuthal	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
eqd_conic	Equidistant Conic	FI	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
eqd_cyl	Equidistant Cylindrical	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
fournier	Fournier Globular	F
gall	Gall Stereographic	FI
goode	Goode Homosoline	F
gnomonic	Gnomonic	FI
hammer	Hammer Elliptical	F	-w=<num> (weighting factor, default 0.5)
hatano	Hatano Asymmetrical Equal Area	FI
isg	Integrated Survey Grid	FI	-s (Southern Hemisphere, Australian System origin) -z=<num> (Zone number)
lagrange	Lagrange	F	-lat=<num> (default 0) -w=<num> (weighting factor, default 2)
lazeqarea	Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area	FI
lcc	Lambert Conformal Conic	FI	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
leqarea	Lambert Equal Area Conic	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0) -s (Southern Hemisphere)
loxim	Loximuthal	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
mcbryde	McBryde-Thomas	FI	-v=1 (Flat-Polar Parabolic, the default) -v=2 (Flat-Polar Sinusoidal) -v=3 (Flat-Polar Quartic)
mercator	Mercator	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
miller	Miller Cylindrical	FI
mollweide	Mollweide	FI
nicolosi	Nicolosi Globular	F
nzmg	New Zealand Mapping Grid	FI
ortelius	Ortelius	F
ortho	Orthographic	FI
parabolic	Craster Parabolic	FI
pconic	Perspective Conic	F	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
polyconic	Polyconic (American)	FI
putnins	Putnins	FI	-v=2 (P2, the default) -v=5 (P5)
quarth	Quartic Authalic	FI
rectpoly	Rectangular Polyconic	F	-lat=<num> (default 0)
robinson	Robinson	FI
sinusoidal	Sinusoidal	FI
somercator	Swiss Oblique Mercator	FI
stereo	Stereographic	FI	-lat=<num> (default 90) -w=<num> (dk value, default 1)
tcc	Transverse Central Cylindrical	F
tcea	Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area	FI
tmercator	Transverse Mercator	FI	-w=<num> (scale factor, default 1)
up_stereo	Universal Polar Stereographic	FI	-s (Southern Hemisphere)
utm	Universal Transverse Mercator	FI	-s (Southern Hemisphere, Australian Mapping Grid origin) -z=<num> (Zone number)
van_der_grinten	Van der Grinten	FI F F F	-v=1 (projection I, the default) -v=2 (projection II) -v=2 (projection III) -v=4 (projection IV)
wagner	Wagner VII	F
winkel	Winkel I	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
winkel_tripel	Winkel Tripel	F	-lat=<num> (default 0)

Ellipsoid Code	Description	Equatorial Radius (m)	Polar Radius (m)	Reciprocal Flattening
null	Default spheroid	6370997
airy	Airy 1830	6377563.396		299.3249646
ats77	ATS 1977	6378135		298.257
aust_ntl	Australian Natl, IAU 64, South American 1969	6378160		298.25
bessel	Bessel 1841	6377397.155		299.1528128
bessel_nam	Bessel 1841 (Namibia)	6377483.865		299.1528128
clrk66	Clarke 1866	6378206.4		294.9786982
clrk80	Clarke 1880 mod.	6378249.145		293.465
everest	Everest	6377276.3452	6356075.4133
everest_india_1830	Everest (India 1830)	6377276.345		300.8017
everest_india_1956	Everest (India 1956)	6377301.243		300.8017
everest_sabah	Everest (Sabah Sarawak)	6377298.556		300.8017
everest_malay_1948	Everest (Malaya & Singapore 1948)	6377304.063		300.8017
everest_malay_1969	Everest (Malaysia 1969)	6377295.664		300.8017
everest_pakistan	Everest (Pakistan)	6377309.613		300.8017
gda94	Geocentric Datum of Australia (1994)	6378137		298.2572221
grs67	GRS 67 (IUGG 1967)	6378160		247.247167
grs80	GRS 1980 (IUGG, 1980)	6378137		298.257222101
helmert	Helmert 1906	6378200		298.3
hough	Hough 1960	6378270		297
iau76	IAU 1976	6378140		298.257
indonesia_1974	Indonesian 1974	6378160		298.247
ire09	International 1909 (Hayford), International 1924	6378388		297
ire67	International 1967	6378160		297
krass	Krassovsky	6378245		298.3
mercury	Mercury 1960	6378166	6356784.283666
merit	MERIT 1983	6378137		298.257
mod_airy	Modified Airy	6377340.189		299.3249646
mod_ever	Modified Everest	6377304.063	6356103.039
mod_fischer	Modified Fischer 1960	6378155.063		298.3
mod_merc	Modified Mercury 1968	6378150	6356768.337303
new_intl	New International 1967	6378157.5	6356772.2
nwl_9d	NWL 9D	6378145		298.25
seasia	Southeast Asia	6378155	6356773.3205
walbeck	Walbeck	6376896	6355834.8467
wgs66	WGS 66	6378145	6356759.769356
wgs72	WGS 72	6378135		298.26
wgs84	WGS 84	6378137		298.257223563