Command: projection

Syntax

projection <name>, <code> {,<origin>}

or

projection <name> = <ident>

Description

Create or redefine a projection identifier.

Parameters

<name>
The name of the projection identifier.
<code>
A string value containing a mnemonic code of one of the available projections. The list of available projection mnemonics are given below.
<origin>
The origin of the projection. This should be a longitude/latitude point in degrees. If omitted, a default typically (0,0) is used.
<ident>
Copy the attributes of an existing projection identifier into the new projection identifier. All command switches are ignored.

Switches

-ang=<angle>
A local 2-D transformation angle. When this switch is present all points in the projection are assumed to be rotated counterclockwise through angle. The pivot point for the rotation is the local origin (-loc).
-dat=<nums>
A datum shift to be applied when converting between longlat and the projection. The system always assumes that longlat coordinates are based on positions on the WGS84 ellipsoid, and the datum shift adjusts for differences in ellipsoid for local regions. Either 3 or 7 numeric values may be supplied, depending on the datum shift transformation being used (see -dt).

When this switch is omitted, longlat coordinates from and to this projection are assumed to be on the ellipsoid specified for the projection. If the ellipsoid specified for this projection is WGS84, this switch is redundant. The first 3 datum parameters (always shifts in distance) are assumed to be in the current modeling units (or the -un value).

-dt=<transform>
A string containing an EPSG code defining which datum shift transformation to use in conjunction with the -dat parameter values. If omitted, the Molodensky 3-parameter transformation is used. Available datum transformations are as follows:

Value

No of
Params

Transformation

epsg9603 3 Simple 3-parameter translation

epsg9604 3 Molodensky transformation

epsg9605 3 Abridged Molodensky transformation

epsg9606 7
Position Vector Helmert transformation
aka Bursa-Wolf

epsg9607 7 Co-ordinate Frame Helmert transformation

-ec=<num>
The earth eccentricity (pole radius / equatorial radius). If omitted, it is computed automatically from other ellipsoid parameters.
-eh=<num>
The earth height (minor radius) in meters at the poles. If omitted, a radius derived from other ellipsoid parameters is used.
-er=<num>
The earth radius (in meters) at the equator. If omitted, a radius derived from other ellipsoid parameters is used.
-g=<ellipsoid>
A string containing a mnemonic code supplying the ellipsoid (earth model), also known as the spheroid. If omitted, a sphere of earth radius 6370100 meters is assumed. The list of available ellipsoid mnemonics is given below. As an alternative, its EPSG ellipsoid number may be specified, e.g. epsg7030.
-lat=<nums>
Provides one or more additional latitudes (applicable for some projections, e.g. conics). The values should be in degrees.
-loc=<point>
A local 2-D transformation origin shift. When this switch is present all points in the projection are assumed to be relative to this point (in projection space. Local rotation and scaling (-and -sc) are computed relative to this point. The coordinates are assumed to be in the current modeling units (or the -un value), but will be adjusted automatically on a subsequent change of modeling units.
-rf=<num>
The reciprocal flattening of the earth. If omitted, any flattening defined by the ellipsoid is used. If included, this resets the eccentricity.
-s
For some projections, e.g. the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, this indicates a South Hemisphere origin shift.
-sc
A local 2-D transformation scale factor. When this switch is present all points in the projection are assumed to be scaled by this factor. The pivot point for the scaling is the local origin (-loc).
-un
The units for the -loc and -dat values. If this switch is omitted, the current modeling units are assumed.
-v=<num>
A version number (necessary for some projections).
-w=<num>
An auxiliary weighting factor (necessary for some projections).
-xml=<file>
Create the projection from a definition in an xml file. If this switch is present all other switches are ignored. An example of projection xml contents may be found in the file $MXSYS/etc/projections.xml.
-z=<num>
A Universal Transverse Mercator zone number. This should have a value 1 through 60.

Notes

All projections provide a means of going from longitude/latitude to Cartesian space, but some do not have an inverse. These are marked as F (forward) and I (inverse) in the supplementary list of projection mnemonics.

Many (but not all) of the Oracle spatial projections are already known to the system and do not have to redefined. They can be referenced by using the appropriate srid number, e.g. srid81989.

Also, some (but not all) of the EPSG geographic transformations are already known to the system and do not have to redefined. They can be referenced by using the appropriate epsg number, e.g. epsg20248.

Examples

projection amg55,'utm',-z=55,-s,-g='aust_ntl'

projection my55 = amg55

projection cassini,'cassini'

projection ukng,'tmercator',(-2,49),-loc=(-400000,100000),\ 
    -g='airy',-dat=(372,-111,426),-un='m',-w=0.999601

projection gauss_boaga_est,'tmercator',(9,0),-loc=(-2520000,0),\ 
    -g='ire09',-dat=(-87,-98,-121),-un='m',-w=0.9996

Projection Mnemonic Codes

Projection Code Description Conversion Switch Options

airy Airy F -v=1 (cut at hemisphere limit)
-v=2 (no cut at hemisphere limit)
-lat=<num> (default 90)

aitoff Aitoff F

albers Albers Equal Area FI -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

apian Apian Globular F

august August Epicycloidal F

bacon Bacon Globular F

bipolar Bipolar Conic FI

boggs Boggs Eumorphic F

bonne Bonne FI -lat=<num> (default 40)

cassini Cassini FI

collignon Collignon FI

centcyl Central Cylindrical FI

cyleqarea Cylindrical Equal Area FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

dense Denoyer Semi-Elliptical F

eckert Eckert FI -v=<num> (range 1 through 6, default is 1)

eisenlohr Eisenlohr F

eqd_azim Equidistant Azimuthal FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

eqd_conic Equidistant Conic FI -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

eqd_cyl Equidistant Cylindrical or
Equirectangular FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

fournier Fournier Globular F

gall Gall Stereographic FI

goode Goode Homosoline F

gnomonic Gnomonic FI

hammer Hammer Elliptical F -w=<num> (weighting factor, default 0.5)

hatano Hatano Asymmetrical Equal Area FI

isg Integrated Survey Grid FI -s (Southern Hemisphere)
-z=<num> (Zone number)

lagrange Lagrange F -lat=<num> (default 0)
-w=<num> (weighting factor, default 2)

lazeqarea Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area FI

lcc Lambert Conformal Conic FI -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

leqarea Lambert Equal Area Conic FI -lat=<num> (default 0)
-s (Southern Hemisphere)

loxim Loximuthal FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

mcbryde McBryde-Thomas FI -v=1 (Flat-Polar Parabolic, the default)
-v=2 (Flat-Polar Sinusoidal)
-v=3 (Flat-Polar Quartic)

mercator Mercator FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

miller Miller Cylindrical FI

mollweide Mollweide FI

nicolosi Nicolosi Globular F

nzmg New Zealand Mapping Grid FI

ortelius Ortelius F

ortho Orthographic FI

parabolic Craster Parabolic FI

pconic Perspective Conic F -lat=<nums> (default 0,10)

polyconic Polyconic (American) FI

putnins Putnins FI -v=2 (P2, the default)
-v=5 (P5)

quarth Quartic Authalic FI

rectpoly Rectangular Polyconic F -lat=<num> (default 0)

robinson Robinson FI

sinusoidal Sinusoidal FI

somercator Swiss Oblique Mercator FI

stereo Stereographic FI -lat=<num> (default 90)
-w=<num> (dk value, default 1)

tcc Transverse Central Cylindrical F

tcea Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area FI

tmercator Transverse Mercator FI -w=<num> (scale factor, default 1)

up_stereo Universal Polar Stereographic FI -s (Southern Hemisphere)

utm Universal Transverse Mercator FI -s (Southern Hemisphere, Australian Mapping Grid origin)
-z=<num> (Zone number)

van_der_grinten Van der Grinten FI
F
F
F -v=1 (projection I, the default)
-v=2 (projection II)
-v=2 (projection III)
-v=4 (projection IV)

wagner Wagner VII F

winkel Winkel I FI -lat=<num> (default 0)

winkel_tripel Winkel Tripel F -lat=<num> (default 0)

Ellipsoid Mnemonic Codes

Ellipsoid Code EPSG ID Description Equatorial
Radius (m) Polar
Radius (m) Reciprocal
Flattening
null epsg7035 Default spheroid 6370100

airy epsg7001 Airy 1830 6377563.396 299.3249646

ats77 epsg7041 Average Terrestrial System 1977 6378135 298.257

aust_ntl epsg7003 Australian National Spheroid 6378160 298.25

bessel epsg7004 Bessel 1841 6377397.155 299.1528128

bessel_mod epsg7005 Bessel Modified 6377492.018 299.1528128

bessel_nam epsg7006 Bessel Namibia 6377483.865 299.1528128

clrk66 epsg7008 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.9786982

clrk80 epsg7012 Clarke 1880 (RGS) 6378249.145 293.465

everest epsg7015 Everest 1830 (1937 Adjustment) 6377276.3452 300.8017

everest_1962 epsg7044 Everest 1830 (1962 Definition) 6377301.243 300.8017255

everest_1967 epsg7016 Everest 1830 (1967 Definition) 6377298.556 300.8017

everest_1969 epsg7056 Everest 1830 (RSO 1969) 6377295.664 300.8017

everest_1975 epsg7045 Everest 1830 (1975 Definition) 6377299.151 300.8017255

gda94 epsg7020 Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 6378137 298.257222101

gem_10c epsg7031 GEM 10C 6378137 298.257223563

grs67 epsg7036 GRS 67 6378160 247.247167

grs80 epsg7019 GRS 1980 6378137 298.257222101

helmert epsg7020 Helmert 1906 6378200 298.3

hough epsg7053 Hough 1960 6378270 297

iau76 epsg7049 IAU 1976 6378140 298.257

indonesia_1974 epsg7021 Indonesian National Spheroid 6378160 298.247

ire09 epsg7022 International 1924 6378388 297

ire67 International 1967 6378157.5 297

krass epsg7024 Krassovsky 1940 6378245 298.3

mercury Mercury 1960 6378166 6356784.283666

merit MERIT 1983 6378137 298.257

mod_airy epsg7002 Modified Airy 6377340.189 299.3249646

mod_ever epsg7018 Everest 1830 Modified 6377304.063 300.8017

mod_fischer Modified Fischer 1960 6378155.063 298.3

mod_merc Modified Mercury 1968 6378150 6356768.337303

new_intl New International 1967 6378157.5 6356772.2

nwl_9d epsg7025 NWL 9D 6378145 298.25

osu86f epsg7032 OSU86F 6378136.2 298.257223563

osu91a epsg7033 OSU91A 6378136.3 298.257223563

plessis epsg7027 Plessis 1817 6376523 308.64

pz90 epsg7054 PZ-90 6378136 298.257839

seasia Southeast Asia 6378155 6356773.3205

struve epsg7028 Struve 1860 6378298.3 294.73

walbeck Walbeck 6376896 6355834.8467

war_office epsg7029 War Office 6378300 296

wgs66 WGS 66 6378145 6356759.769356

wgs72 epsg7043 WGS 72 6378135 298.26

wgs84 epsg7030 WGS 84 6378137 298.257223563

xian epsg7049 Xian 1980 6378140 298.257

Commands:	project
Functions:	cart (point), longlat (point)
Identifiers:	epsg# (projection), ll_proj (projection), mapping (projection), srid# (projection)

Value	No of Params	Transformation
epsg9603	3	Simple 3-parameter translation
epsg9604	3	Molodensky transformation
epsg9605	3	Abridged Molodensky transformation
epsg9606	7	Position Vector Helmert transformation aka Bursa-Wolf
epsg9607	7	Co-ordinate Frame Helmert transformation

Projection Code	Description	Conversion	Switch Options
airy	Airy	F	-v=1 (cut at hemisphere limit) -v=2 (no cut at hemisphere limit) -lat=<num> (default 90)
aitoff	Aitoff	F
albers	Albers Equal Area	FI	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
apian	Apian Globular	F
august	August Epicycloidal	F
bacon	Bacon Globular	F
bipolar	Bipolar Conic	FI
boggs	Boggs Eumorphic	F
bonne	Bonne	FI	-lat=<num> (default 40)
cassini	Cassini	FI
collignon	Collignon	FI
centcyl	Central Cylindrical	FI
cyleqarea	Cylindrical Equal Area	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
dense	Denoyer Semi-Elliptical	F
eckert	Eckert	FI	-v=<num> (range 1 through 6, default is 1)
eisenlohr	Eisenlohr	F
eqd_azim	Equidistant Azimuthal	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
eqd_conic	Equidistant Conic	FI	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
eqd_cyl	Equidistant Cylindrical or Equirectangular	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
fournier	Fournier Globular	F
gall	Gall Stereographic	FI
goode	Goode Homosoline	F
gnomonic	Gnomonic	FI
hammer	Hammer Elliptical	F	-w=<num> (weighting factor, default 0.5)
hatano	Hatano Asymmetrical Equal Area	FI
isg	Integrated Survey Grid	FI	-s (Southern Hemisphere) -z=<num> (Zone number)
lagrange	Lagrange	F	-lat=<num> (default 0) -w=<num> (weighting factor, default 2)
lazeqarea	Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area	FI
lcc	Lambert Conformal Conic	FI	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
leqarea	Lambert Equal Area Conic	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0) -s (Southern Hemisphere)
loxim	Loximuthal	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
mcbryde	McBryde-Thomas	FI	-v=1 (Flat-Polar Parabolic, the default) -v=2 (Flat-Polar Sinusoidal) -v=3 (Flat-Polar Quartic)
mercator	Mercator	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
miller	Miller Cylindrical	FI
mollweide	Mollweide	FI
nicolosi	Nicolosi Globular	F
nzmg	New Zealand Mapping Grid	FI
ortelius	Ortelius	F
ortho	Orthographic	FI
parabolic	Craster Parabolic	FI
pconic	Perspective Conic	F	-lat=<nums> (default 0,10)
polyconic	Polyconic (American)	FI
putnins	Putnins	FI	-v=2 (P2, the default) -v=5 (P5)
quarth	Quartic Authalic	FI
rectpoly	Rectangular Polyconic	F	-lat=<num> (default 0)
robinson	Robinson	FI
sinusoidal	Sinusoidal	FI
somercator	Swiss Oblique Mercator	FI
stereo	Stereographic	FI	-lat=<num> (default 90) -w=<num> (dk value, default 1)
tcc	Transverse Central Cylindrical	F
tcea	Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area	FI
tmercator	Transverse Mercator	FI	-w=<num> (scale factor, default 1)
up_stereo	Universal Polar Stereographic	FI	-s (Southern Hemisphere)
utm	Universal Transverse Mercator	FI	-s (Southern Hemisphere, Australian Mapping Grid origin) -z=<num> (Zone number)
van_der_grinten	Van der Grinten	FI F F F	-v=1 (projection I, the default) -v=2 (projection II) -v=2 (projection III) -v=4 (projection IV)
wagner	Wagner VII	F
winkel	Winkel I	FI	-lat=<num> (default 0)
winkel_tripel	Winkel Tripel	F	-lat=<num> (default 0)

Ellipsoid Code	EPSG ID	Description	Equatorial Radius (m)	Polar Radius (m)	Reciprocal Flattening
null	epsg7035	Default spheroid	6370100
airy	epsg7001	Airy 1830	6377563.396		299.3249646
ats77	epsg7041	Average Terrestrial System 1977	6378135		298.257
aust_ntl	epsg7003	Australian National Spheroid	6378160		298.25
bessel	epsg7004	Bessel 1841	6377397.155		299.1528128
bessel_mod	epsg7005	Bessel Modified	6377492.018		299.1528128
bessel_nam	epsg7006	Bessel Namibia	6377483.865		299.1528128
clrk66	epsg7008	Clarke 1866	6378206.4		294.9786982
clrk80	epsg7012	Clarke 1880 (RGS)	6378249.145		293.465
everest	epsg7015	Everest 1830 (1937 Adjustment)	6377276.3452		300.8017
everest_1962	epsg7044	Everest 1830 (1962 Definition)	6377301.243		300.8017255
everest_1967	epsg7016	Everest 1830 (1967 Definition)	6377298.556		300.8017
everest_1969	epsg7056	Everest 1830 (RSO 1969)	6377295.664		300.8017
everest_1975	epsg7045	Everest 1830 (1975 Definition)	6377299.151		300.8017255
gda94	epsg7020	Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994	6378137		298.257222101
gem_10c	epsg7031	GEM 10C	6378137		298.257223563
grs67	epsg7036	GRS 67	6378160		247.247167
grs80	epsg7019	GRS 1980	6378137		298.257222101
helmert	epsg7020	Helmert 1906	6378200		298.3
hough	epsg7053	Hough 1960	6378270		297
iau76	epsg7049	IAU 1976	6378140		298.257
indonesia_1974	epsg7021	Indonesian National Spheroid	6378160		298.247
ire09	epsg7022	International 1924	6378388		297
ire67		International 1967	6378157.5		297
krass	epsg7024	Krassovsky 1940	6378245		298.3
mercury		Mercury 1960	6378166	6356784.283666
merit		MERIT 1983	6378137		298.257
mod_airy	epsg7002	Modified Airy	6377340.189		299.3249646
mod_ever	epsg7018	Everest 1830 Modified	6377304.063		300.8017
mod_fischer		Modified Fischer 1960	6378155.063		298.3
mod_merc		Modified Mercury 1968	6378150	6356768.337303
new_intl		New International 1967	6378157.5	6356772.2
nwl_9d	epsg7025	NWL 9D	6378145		298.25
osu86f	epsg7032	OSU86F	6378136.2		298.257223563
osu91a	epsg7033	OSU91A	6378136.3		298.257223563
plessis	epsg7027	Plessis 1817	6376523		308.64
pz90	epsg7054	PZ-90	6378136		298.257839
seasia		Southeast Asia	6378155	6356773.3205
struve	epsg7028	Struve 1860	6378298.3		294.73
walbeck		Walbeck	6376896	6355834.8467
war_office	epsg7029	War Office	6378300		296
wgs66		WGS 66	6378145	6356759.769356
wgs72	epsg7043	WGS 72	6378135		298.26
wgs84	epsg7030	WGS 84	6378137		298.257223563
xian	epsg7049	Xian 1980	6378140		298.257